Congratulations on the big news! Whilst preparing yourself before, during and after pregnancy, there’s a lot to think about. Here’s what you should know about how to keep your oral health at an optimal and why it is important for you and your newborn.
Is it safe to go to the dentist during pregnancy?
Absolutely! It is encouraged to attend your routine 6 monthly checks as you will be more prone to dental diseases during this time. It is important to inform your dentist that you are pregnant so that we can take extra precautions to allow comfortable and safe treatment.
Although it is advisable to attend at any stage of your pregnancy, it is found by most women that the second trimester is the most comfortable. In your first trimester, it is more common for you to experience nausea, mouth sensitivity, and sickness. Meanwhile, in your third trimester it may be more difficult to lay on your back for an extended period of time. Nevertheless, do not be afraid to pick up the phone if you experience dental issues such as pain or swelling at any stage.
How will pregnancy affect my oral health?
Due to the hormonal changes within your body, you may experience an increased risk for several oral conditions. This may be exacerbated by changes in lifestyle and habits.
Pregnancy Gingivitis
Gingivitis, also known as gum disease, is an oral condition that is characterised by red, bleeding and swollen gums, bad breath and a metallic taste. It is often due to bacteria build-up in the form of plaque and calculus, causing the gums to react and become inflamed. Although we are all susceptible, there is an increased vulnerability to gum inflammation during pregnancy as there is an increased blood flow. This is known as pregnancy gingivitis. It commonly develops between the 2nd and 8th month of your pregnancy.
If left untreated, it can progress into advanced stages known as periodontal disease where the tooth's supporting structures breakdown, leading to tooth loss. Furthermore, it is linked to an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.
Dental cavities
A key factor that increases the risk for dental decay is changes in diet. Sugar cravings may have you wanting sweeter snacks and drinks more frequently. However, this exposes your teeth to acid attack, an environment that favours formation of cavities. Although it will be tempting, try to opt for low-sugar snacks such as plain yogurt, fresh fruit, cheese, and crackers and ensure to rinse your mouth with water afterwards. Tap water is the best option as it contains fluoride. Furthermore, when you do have snacks, it is best to have them with main meals rather than in between.
Tooth erosion
Tooth erosion is the loss of the hard outer layer of the tooth known as the enamel due to exposure to acid, leading to tooth sensitivity and increased risk of cavities. This is common during pregnancy and stems from frequent vomiting and reflux, causing the stomach acid to coat the teeth regularly.
However, you can combat this by rinsing with plain tap water immediately after an episode and avoid brushing right away, leaving at least 30 minutes. This allows time for acid to flush out of the mouth and can be encouraged by chewing sugar-free gum to stimulate more saliva flow. An extra precaution you can take is applying some fluoridated toothpaste on your teeth afterwards for extended protection.
Changes in soft tissues
Lumps and bumps forming in your oral cavity is not uncommon during pregnancy. A condition you may have seen or heard of are 'pregnancy tumours' which are benign lumps on the gums. It can cause bleeding and uncomfortableness. If you notice any changes in your mouth, make sure to bring it up with your dentist.
How can my oral health affect my baby?
Maintaining a healthy oral cavity decreases the type and amount of bacteria that can transfer to your baby. During pregnancy, bacteria that sits in your mouth can travel through your bloodstream and onto your unborn baby, leading to potential health conditions such as low birth weight, premature birth, and preeclampsia. After birth, it can be transferred via saliva when kissing, cleaning dummies in your mouth, and sharing utensils or toothbrushes. If you have untreated oral disease, this can lead to an increased risk of tooth decay in your baby’s mouth. Therefore, it is vital to include oral health as part of your prenatal care plan.
How can I maintain a healthy mouth during my pregnancy?
To combat these oral diseases, it is important to be more diligent with the oral hygiene routine at home. This includes brushing with an electric toothbrush or soft manual toothbrush twice a day for 2 minutes. If you find yourself gagging whilst brushing, some tips you can try out include using a kids toothbrush or one with a smaller head, closing your eyes and concentrating whilst listening to music and taking your time. Interdental cleaning such as floss or piksters is just an important and should be practiced daily at night. Double check that you are using a toothpaste containing fluoride. If you can, it's also a good idea to spit after brushing, instead of rinsing. This allows the fluoride in your toothpaste to stay in contact with your teeth for longer.
If you would like advice on your current routine, allow time to review your brushing and flossing technique and toothpaste with your dentist or hygienist during your next visit.
Key points
- Attend your regular check-up with the dentist
- Inform your dentist that you are pregnant
- Use a soft toothbrush twice a day
- Floss once a day
- Use fluoride toothpaste
- Rinse with water after eating sugary snacks and morning sickness
- Limit sugar intake
Now that you’ve equipped yourself with all the knowledge you need about taking care of your oral health during your pregnancy; there is more room for everything else!